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The Secret Dome (Hardback)

Anti-Aircraft Gunnery Training in the Second World War

Military WWII

By Ewan Ward-Thomas
Imprint: Pen & Sword Military
Pages: 224
Illustrations: 30 black and white illustrations
ISBN: 9781526785732
Published: 9th April 2025

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For the first time, here is the true story of the Second World War top secret British invention of the Dome Trainer by Lieutenant Commander Henry Stephens, Royal Navy, from 1939.

After naval service in the First World War, including serving on HMS Milbrook at Jutland as a civilian photographer, Henry recognised the nascent threat to a ship from Luftwaffe aircraft flown in the Spanish Civil War, and so developed an indoor cinema to project attacking aircraft and to train gunners. The Royal Navy ordered Henry to re-enlist and secretly develop his Dome Trainer, recognising the imperative to defend shipping from airborne attack. Consequently, the Dome Trainer technology became the standard “synthetic” weatherproof anti-aircraft training solution. 300 units were deployed around the world, including Sydney, Bombay, Newfoundland and Durban, training Defensively Armed Merchant Ships (DAMS) within crucial Atlantic merchant navy convoys sailing from Britain and the east coast of the USA and Canada. The Maritime Royal Artillery (MRA) was formed in January 1943 for 24 ports with 14,000 men.

From early Royal Navy service, a family history as inventors of Stephens Ink and Henry’s private journal at the Imperial War Museum, this book brings together new photographs and private correspondence alongside unpublished accounts from those who built and trained with Dome Trainers. The Dome Trainer is placed in context within the offensive and defensive methods developed by Britain, the secret USA “Pinball” project and recognition by the Cohen Commission of Henry’s role as one of the fathers of virtual reality training. In 2015, the BBC broadcast Henry’s story in conjunction with the Langham Dome in Norfolk, the only surviving restored and operational unit in Britain.

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"This is a fine tribute to a genuinely multitalented man, and one whose achievements deserve to be properly recognised."

Warships International Fleet Review - May 2026

The book is outstanding.

I consider this book essential reading to historians within this field.

A brilliant and enlightening piece of work which packs so much in but does so exquisitely.

It is a worthy testament to the author's evident love for his work, and his mastery of the topic at hand which becomes obvious as soon as one starts reading it.

The hardback with the wonderfully designed cover graphics work really well, and once the book is opened everything about it is presented well, including the font and paper.

The book contains a wealth of detail, but is brought to the reader in a hugely assimilable fashion through short & easy to understand chapters.

The content is laced with fascinating historical vignettes. These range from the 'Horrible History' type depictions of 18th century surgery and dentistry, and the invention of modern ink in the wake of the Napoleonic Wars.

Presented in the context of Henry Christian Stevens' family history of invention, a backdrop around the aptitude prevalent in Stevens' family towards groundbreaking invention is clearly illuminated.

The Secret Dome itself was truly groundbreaking and its huge impact on (and after) the Second World War is detailed both qualitatively and quantitatively.

As a lifelong military historian I must confess to having had no knowledge of this hugely important invention and its impact in combating the Axis forces. However, the book excels even far beyond this to present a wide-ranging picture of aerial and naval warfare from a host of unexpected perspectives such as night navigation and fighting in the latter part of the war. Ewan brings to light so much; again, I'd never even heard of the B32 Bomber!

He juxtaposes earlier depictions of the fighting during the WW1 Battle of Jutland accompanied by some stark casualty statistics applicable to both sides. This is framed from the perspective of Stevens' own participation in that battle. The price paid by so many from both sides is vividly detailed, making one wonder why this hugely important battle has received so little screen time compared to other naval movie depictions. It deserves it.

The vulnerability of the navy to air attack was what drove Stevens to craft his Secret Dome invention. The Dome's mechanical and electronic operations are detailed really well and easily enough for a layperson to get to grips with, and for the imaginative reader to sense the noise, the movement and disorientation that was necessary to inoculate novice gunners to the stress of what was to come, and to get to grips with the trigonometric factors that made all the difference in gunner efficacy.

The Dome was so successful that it was modified and adopted for use throughout the Allied world, on both land and sea.

This book opens a new window into a relatively untapped field of WW2 study. It does so extremely well. Having read it I very much look forward to visiting the Langham Dome in Norfolk.

The book is a credit to Ewan Ward-Thomas as author, who has done a great service not just to his family – he is Henry Christian Stevens' grandson – but to the broader field of military history.

Another fascinating aspect is post-war awards presented to inventors such as Stevens which were not bestowed lightly, adding to the overall rich texture of the book.

Derek Molyneux. An Irish Military Historian and Author

β€œThe author mined personal journals and correspondence and unpublished documents to bring this success story to light.”

Seapower Magazine

As featured in

AirMail - Royal Air Forces Association - Spring 2025

As featured in

The Bookseller, Jan 23

About Ewan Ward-Thomas

After many years in business, Ewan Ward-Thomas is a successful History teacher in London. Son of Evelyn Anthony, an international author of historical novels, Ewan grew up with her family history of Stephens Ink alongside a private journal kept by a grandfather, Henry Stephens, RN. The renovation of a Dome Trainer at Langham, Norfolk and the BBC documentary in 2015 provided the jigsaw for his first book.

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